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Dementia risks: Mediterranean diet and exercise can help stave off condition, WHO says
老年癡呆癥：地中海飲食和鍛煉是避免老年癡呆癥的良方-世界衛生組織

A World Health Organisation report sets out 12 areas where evidence is strongest for cutting dementia risk – and warns that using supplements meant to mimic a healthy diet are a waste of money
根據世界衛生組織的報告，有12種方法被證實在減少老年癡呆風險方面具有最佳效果。此外，該報告中還提到模仿健康飲食的代餐完全就是浪費錢。

Moving more, eating better but binning cigarettes and health supplements are some of the best ways to lower your odds of dementia, according to the first global guidelines on preventing the condition.
根據全球首個老年證癡呆癥預防指南，多運動，更為健康的飲食以及擯棄抽煙和吃代餐的習慣是降低患上老年癡呆癥的最佳方法之一。

After a major review of current evidence on the impact of lifestyle on dementia, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has concluded that the condition is “not a natural or inevitable consequence of ageing”.
通過仔細分析生活方式當下對老年癡呆癥的影響證據，世界衛生組織得出一個結論，那就是老年癡呆癥并非“衰老的自然或不可避免的結果”。

Dementia affects 50 million people worldwide, costs $818bn (￡633 billion) annually to treat and diagnoses are likely to triple by 2050, the review said.
評論表示，老年癡呆癥涉及全球5000萬人，每年治療和診斷這一疾病的花費為8180億美元（6.33億英鎊），到2050年，這一數值將會是現在的三倍。

While the WHO has issued guidelines on dementia before, this is the first time it has produced a report on what can be done to reduce the risk.
盡管世界衛生組織此前也發布過有關老年癡呆癥的指南，但是發布如何才能減少老年癡呆癥的報告還尚屬首次。

It sets out 12 areas where action can make the biggest difference and shows that, while advanced age is the biggest risk factors for the decline in thinking and memory, improving overall health is key.
報告中提到了12個方面，在這12 個方面采取行動將會產生最有力的影響并顯示，盡管衰老是思考能力和記憶力下降最大的威脅，那么整體改善健康則是關鍵。

“The vision of the action plan is a world in which dementia is prevented and people with dementia and their carers live well and receive the care and support they need to fulfil their potential with dignity, respect, autonomy and equality,” the WHO authors said.
WHO負責這篇報告的作者表示：“行動計劃的愿景是預防老年癡呆，同時讓患有老年癡呆的患者和他們的照料人過上幸福的生活并獲得他們所需要的照料和支持并能夠在發揮潛能的同時獲得尊嚴、尊重、自主和平等。”

The review found the best evidence to date is for a balanced diet and exercise in healthy adults, and those with some cognitive decline.
評論發現，迄今為止最有效的方法就是平衡的飲食習慣和鍛煉，無論是對于健康的成年人還是那些認知能力已經有所下降的人群。

In particular, maintaining a “Mediterranean-like” diet – with high levels of fish, fruit and vegetables, nuts and olive oils, all of which have been associated with dementia protection – has been linked to better cognitive health.
特別是保持“地中海式”的飲食習慣，包括大量攝入魚肉、水果、蔬菜、堅果和橄欖油與預防老年癡呆有關并且涉及更加的健康認知。

But multivitamins, omega-3 and other supplements aimed at replicating this diet were explicitly recommended against – something that was welcomed by experts.
但是，報告卻明確不建議人們攝入復合維生素、omega-3以及其他想要復制這一飲食模式的代餐食品。專家對此也持有相同的態度。

Other key recommendations were that support to reduce high blood pressure, quit smoking and cut out “hazardous or harmful” drinking could help healthy adults and those with mild impairment avoid dementia.
其他重要的建議還包括將高血壓降至合理范圍，戒煙以及戒除“有害”飲品，這些有助于健康的成年人和那些認知能力輕微受損的人避免老年癡呆癥。

It also suggests interventions to help people lose weight, and to ensure diabetes is kept under control will help. 
報告還建議，通過干預行為來幫助人們降低體重并確保糖尿病被控制在合理范圍內也對預防老年癡呆有所幫助。

Strength of the evidence was more limited in many other areas, with popular initiatives like “brain training” having little good evidence to back them up.
許多其他方面的辦法則被證明效果有限，其中就包括比較流行“腦力訓練”。沒有任何證據證明“腦力證明”對老年癡呆癥有作用。

Social isolation, hearing loss and depression are other areas where support might be helpful but where the evidence base is currently too limited to make recommendations.
在脫離社會、喪失聽力以及抑郁方面，幫助可能會有效，但是目前證據過于有限，以至于無法給出建議。

In these cases, the authors recommended treatment based on existing WHO guidelines to improve the quality of life of the individual.
在這些情況下，作者建議按照目前的WHO指南進行治療以改善個人的生活質量。

Robert Howard, professor of old age psychiatry at University College London, said the findings were “sensible but unsurprising”.
英國倫敦大學學院老年精神病學教授Robert Howard表示，結果是“合理且在意料之內”。

“Like many colleagues, I already tell my patients that what is good for their hearts is probably good for their brains,” he added. 
他補充說道：“和許多同事一樣，我已經告訴我的患者，對你心臟有利的因素可能對你的大腦也有利”。

But Professor Howard and others said there was much more needed to be done to understand the risks of dementia if we are to cope with a growing health crisis.
但是，Howard教授和其他人也表示，如果我們想要應對不斷上升的健康危機，我們還需要做很多很多才可以了解老年癡呆癥的風險。

Professor Tom Dening from the University of Nottingham said that the recommendation to avoid dietary supplements was “welcome” and could save “a lot of people from wasting their money”.
來自諾丁漢大學的Tom Dening教授表示，讓人們避免吃代餐的建議很“不錯”，這一建議可以幫助“許多人避免在這上面浪費錢”。

However he warned many of the steps to reducing dementia risk were easier to achieve if you’re financially well-off.
然而，他同時提醒到，減少老年癡呆癥風險的許多辦法在經濟寬松的情況下更容易實現。

“Like most of the research on dementia risk factors, it is difficult to see clearly the effects of social inequality, but nearly everything that is modifiable tends to favour people in better socio-economic circumstances – diet, access to facilities for physical activity, social interactions,” he said.
他說：“如同絕大多數針對老年癡呆癥風險的研究一樣，目前很難清楚地發現社會不平等對其所產生的影響，但是幾乎所有能夠改變的事情都傾向于優待那些社會和經濟地位更好的人-飲食，接觸運動設施的機會以及社交”。
 
今天要學習的詞匯：
Stave off： 擋開、避開
Cut risk：降低風險
Bin：本意是垃圾桶的意思，動詞表示丟棄、扔掉
Lower odds of sth.：降低XXX的幾率
Make the difference：有影響、很重要、產生差別
Cut out：停止、取消、減少
financially well-off：如果說一個人或一個家庭financially well-off，則表示經濟寬松、有經濟實力




文章來源：獨立報，編輯：專業翻譯公司-上海譯銳翻譯質控部