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Antibiotics found in some of the world's rivers exceed 'safe' levels, global study finds

全球研究發現，抗生素在全球某些河流中的含量已超過‘安全’線

上海譯銳翻譯       2019-5-30        10:45 a.m. 

? zgphotography / Adobe Stock

Concentrations of antibiotics found in some of the world's rivers exceed 'safe' levels by up to 300 times, the first ever global study has discovered.

全球首個研究發現，全球某些河流中的抗生素濃度已超過‘安全’線，最高超標達到300倍

Researchers looked for 14 commonly used antibiotics in rivers in 72 countries across six continents and found antibiotics at 65% of the sites monitored.

研究人員在6大洲的72個國家的河流里發現了14種常見的抗生素。在所有被監控的地區中，發現抗生素的地區占65%。

Metronidazole, which is used to treat bacterial infections including skin and mouth infections, exceeded safe levels by the biggest margin, with concentrations at one site in Bangladesh 300 times greater than the 'safe' level.

甲硝銼-一種用來治療包括皮膚和口腔細菌感染的抗生素超標最為嚴重，其在巴格達的濃度高出安全界限300倍。

In the River Thames and one of its tributaries in London, the researchers detected a maximum total antibiotic concentration of 233 nanograms per litre (ng/l), whereas in Bangladesh the concentration was 170 times higher.

在倫敦的泰晤士河和其中的一條支流里，研究人員發現抗生素總濃度達到最大值，為233毫微克/升（ng/l。在巴格達，濃度是這一數值的170倍。

The most prevalent antibiotic was trimethoprim, which was detected at 307 of the 711 sites tested and is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections.

最常見的抗生素是甲氧芐啶。在711個接受測試的區域中，有307個區域被檢測出這種抗生素。這種抗生素主要用于治療尿路感染。

The research team compared the monitoring data with 'safe' levels recently established by the AMR Industry Alliance which, depending on the antibiotic, range from 20-32,000 ng/l.

研究團隊將所監測到的數據與AMR（抗生素耐藥性）產業聯盟最近所確定的‘安全’水平進行對比。AMR產業聯盟所確定的安全性為20-32,000ng/l，具體取決于抗生素的類型。

Ciproflaxacin, which is used to treat a number of bacterial infections, was the compound that most frequently exceeded safe levels, surpassing the safety threshold in 51 places.

The team said that the 'safe' limits were most frequently exceeded in Asia and Africa, but sites in Europe, North America and South America also had levels of concern showing that antibiotic contamination was a "global problem."

環丙氟酸-一種用于治療各種細菌感染的抗生素是最容易超標的成分，其在51個地方都超過了安全閾值。

Sites where antibiotics exceeded 'safe' levels by the greatest degree were in Bangladesh, Kenya, Ghana, Pakistan and Nigeria, while a site in Austria was ranked the highest of the European sites monitored.

抗生素超標程度最高的地方包括巴格達、肯尼亞、加納、巴基斯坦和尼日利亞。奧地利是歐洲監控地區中超標最嚴重的國家。

The study revealed that high-risk sites were typically adjacent to wastewater treatment systems, waste or sewage dumps and in some areas of political turmoil, including the Israeli and Palestinian border.

研究表明，高風險地區通常臨近污水處理廠、廢棄物或污物垃圾場以及某些有政治動亂的地區，包括以色列和巴勒斯坦邊界。

The project, which was led by the University of York, was a huge logistical challenge -- with 92 sampling kits flown out to partners across the world who were asked to take samples from locations along their local river system.

由紐約大學牽頭的這一項目是一項巨大的挑戰。92個采樣箱被送到全球合作伙伴的手中。合作伙伴在收到采樣箱后將從當地的河流中取樣。

Samples were then frozen and couriered back to the University of York for testing. Some of the world's most iconic rivers were sampled, including the Chao Phraya, Danube, Mekong, Seine, Thames, Tiber and Tigris.

隨后，樣品被冷凍并被運回紐約大學接受測試。某些全球最具象征意義的河流也被采樣。這些河流包括湄南河、多瑙河、湄公河、塞納河、泰晤士河、第伯爾河和底格里斯河。

Dr John Wilkinson, from the Department of Environment and Geography, who co-ordinated the monitoring work said no other study had been done on this scale.

協同開展監控工作的環境和地理系的John Wilkinson博士表示，如此大規模的研究還是第一次。

He said: "Until now, the majority of environmental monitoring work for antibiotics has been done in Europe, N. America and China. Often on only a handful of antibiotics. We know very little about the scale of problem globally.

他說：“直到現在，絕大多數的抗生素環境監督工作已在歐洲、北美和中國完成且監督通常只針對少數抗生素。這一問題在全球范圍的情況我們卻知之甚少。”

"Our study helps fill this key knowledge gap with data being generated for countries that had never been monitored before."

“通過監測此前從未監測過的國家并收集相應的數據幫助我們填補了這項關鍵的知識空白。”

Professor Alistair Boxall, Theme Leader of the York Environmental Sustainability Institute, said: "The results are quite eye opening and worrying, demonstrating the widespread contamination of river systems around the world with antibiotic compounds.

Alistair Boxall教授，紐約環境可持續性研究院的主題領導者表示：“結果非常讓人震驚并擔心。結果顯示，全球的河流普遍存在抗生素污染的情況。”

"Many scientists and policy makers now recognise the role of the natural environment in the antimicrobial resistance problem. Our data show that antibiotic contamination of rivers could be an important contributor."

“許多科學家和政策制定者現在也認識到自然環境在抵制抗生素問題方面的作用。我們的數據顯示，被抗生素所污染的河流可能會發揮重要的貢獻。”

"Solving the problem is going to be a mammoth challenge and will need investment in infrastructure for waste and wastewater treatment, tighter regulation and the cleaning up of already contaminated sites."

“解決問題將會是一個巨大的挑戰并需要在廢棄物和廢水處理基礎設施方面有所投入。同時，還需要更加嚴格的監管并對已經污染的地區進行整頓。”

The finds are due to be unveiled during two presentations at the annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) in Helsinki on 27 and 28 May.

研究結果將在環境毒理學和化學學會于5月27、28日在赫爾辛基召開的年度會議上在2場陳述中揭曉。

需要了解的詞匯：

Mammoth：原意是指猛犸象，引申為巨大的、龐大的；

Clean up：治理、整頓；

By the biggest margin: 最大程度，最大幅度；

A handful of：少數、數量；

文章來源：科學日報   編輯：質控部Susan