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Plastics pose threat to human health, report shows
據(jù)報道，塑料會對人類健康造成威脅
Plastics contain and leach hazardous chemicals, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that threaten human health. An authoritative new report, "Plastics, EDCs, and Health," from the Endocrine Society and the IPEN (International Pollutants Elimination Network), presents a summary of international research on the health impacts of EDCs and describes the alarming health effects of widespread contamination from EDCs in plastics.
塑料含有并可溶解出有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，比如內(nèi)分泌干擾激素（EDCs），一種會對人類健康造成威脅的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。一篇由內(nèi)分泌學(xué)會和IPEN（國際污染物消除聯(lián)盟）推出的、新的權(quán)威性報道總結(jié)概括了針對內(nèi)分泌干擾激素對人類健康影響的國際性研究，該研究報道描述了塑料當(dāng)中的內(nèi)分泌干擾激素所造成的廣泛污染以及這種污染對人類健康所造成的驚人影響。
EDCs are chemicals that disturb the body's hormone systems and can cause cancer, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and neurological impairments of developing fetuses and children. The report describes a wealth of evidence supporting direct cause-and-effect links between the toxic chemical additives in plastics and specific health impacts to the endocrine system.
內(nèi)分泌干擾激素是一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，該化學(xué)物質(zhì)會擾亂人體的激素系統(tǒng)，能夠引發(fā)癌癥、糖尿病、生殖紊亂并會破壞發(fā)育中的胎兒和兒童的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。報道羅列了大量證據(jù)，這些證據(jù)都表明塑料中有毒的化學(xué)添加劑和內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)特定的健康問題之間所存在著直接的因果關(guān)系。
Conservative estimates point to more than a thousand manufactured chemicals in use today that are EDCs. Known EDCs that leach from plastics and threaten health include bisphenol A and related chemicals, flame retardants, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), dioxins, UV-stabilizers, and toxic metals such as lead and cadmium. Plastic containing EDCs is used extensively in packaging, construction, flooring, food production and packaging, cookware, health care, children's toys, leisure goods, furniture, home electronics, textiles, automobiles and cosmetics.
根據(jù)保守的估計，目前所使用的超過一千種所生產(chǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)都屬于內(nèi)分泌干擾激素。已知的可以從塑料制品中溶解并會對健康造成威脅的內(nèi)分泌干擾激素包括雙酚A和相關(guān)化學(xué)物質(zhì)、阻燃劑、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、全氟及多氟類化合物（PFAS）、二噁英、紫外線穩(wěn)定劑以及有毒的金屬，比如鉛和鎘，含有內(nèi)分泌干擾激素的塑料被廣泛應(yīng)用于包裝、建筑、地板鋪設(shè)材料、食品生產(chǎn)和包裝、廚具、健康護理、兒童玩具、休閑物品、家具、居家電子產(chǎn)品、紡織品、汽車和化妝品中。
Key findings in the report include:
報告中包括以下重大發(fā)現(xiàn)：
?One hundred and forty four chemicals or chemical groups known to be hazardous to human health are actively used in plastics for functions varying from antimicrobial activity to colorants, flame retardants, solvents, UV-stabilizers, and plasticizers.
?144種已知的、對人類健康有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)或化學(xué)基被用于塑料制品中以實現(xiàn)各種功能，比如抗菌性、著色劑、阻燃劑、溶劑、紫外線穩(wěn)定劑和塑化劑。
?Exposure can occur during the entire life span of plastic products, from the manufacturing process to consumer contact, recycling, to waste management and disposal.
?有害物質(zhì)的暴露會在塑料產(chǎn)品的整個一生中出現(xiàn)，從生產(chǎn)到消費者接觸，再到循環(huán)使用和廢棄物管理和處理。
?EDC exposure is a universal problem. Testing of human samples consistently shows nearly all people have EDCs in their bodies.
?內(nèi)分泌干擾激素暴露是一個全球性的問題。對人類樣本進(jìn)行檢測的結(jié)果始終表明，幾乎所有人的體內(nèi)都存在內(nèi)分泌干擾激素。
?Microplastics contain chemical additives, which can leach out of the microplastic and expose the population. They can also bind and accumulate toxic chemicals from the surrounding environment, such as seawater and sediment, functioning as carriers for toxic compounds.
?微塑料含有化學(xué)添加物，該添加物從微塑料中溶解出并接觸到人類。它們還會與周圍環(huán)境，比如海水和沉淀物中的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)纏繞在一起并使其不斷累積，如同有毒化合物的載體一般。
?Bioplastics/biodegradable plastics, promoted as more ecological than plastics, contain similar chemical additives as conventional plastics and also have endocrine-disrupting effects.
?被認(rèn)為比塑料更加環(huán)保的環(huán)保塑料/環(huán)保可降解塑料同樣含有類似的化學(xué)添加劑并且也會對內(nèi)分泌起到干擾作用。
"Many of the plastics we use every day at home and work are exposing us to a harmful cocktail of endocrine-disrupting chemicals," said the report's lead author, Jodi Flaws, Ph.D., of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Urbana, Ill. "Definitive action is needed on a global level to protect human health and our environment from these threats."
報告的首席作者Jodi Flaws，厄本那伊利諾斯大學(xué)香檳分校的博士表示：“我們每天在家中以及在工作中所使用的許多塑料都會使我們接觸到有害的內(nèi)分泌干擾化學(xué)物。全球都需要采取具體的舉措來保護人類的健康和環(huán)境免受這一威脅。”
The Swiss Ambassador for the Environment, Franz Xavier Perrez, commented, "'Plastics, EDCs, and Health,' synthesizes the science on EDCs and plastics. It is our collective responsibility to enact public policies to address the clear evidence that EDC in plastics are hazards threatening public health and our future."
瑞典環(huán)境大使Franz Xavier Perrez評價說：“《塑料、內(nèi)分泌干擾激素和健康》科普了什么是內(nèi)分泌干擾激素和塑料。制定公共政策以使塑料中的內(nèi)分泌干擾素不再威脅大眾健康和我們的未來是我們所有人共同的責(zé)任。”
In May, the Swiss Government submitted a proposal to the Stockholm Convention to list the first ultra-violet (UV) stabilizer, plastic additive UV-328, for listing under the Stockholm Convention. UV stabilizers are a common additive to plastics and are a subset of EDCs described in this report. The Stockholm Convention is the definitive global instrument for assessing, identifying, and controlling the most hazardous chemical substances on the planet.
5月，瑞典政府向斯德哥爾摩公約發(fā)出提議并將首個紫外線穩(wěn)定劑，塑料添加劑UV-328列為塑料產(chǎn)品禁用物質(zhì)。紫外線穩(wěn)定劑是一種塑料產(chǎn)品中常見的添加劑，它是本片報告中所介紹的內(nèi)分泌干擾激素的一個子分類。斯德哥爾摩公約是一個權(quán)威的全球性工具，其專門來評估、發(fā)現(xiàn)并控制地球上最有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
The need for effective public policy to protect public health from EDCs in plastics is all the more urgent given the industry's dramatic growth projections. Pamela Miller, IPEN Co-Chair, commented, "This report clarifies that the current acceleration of plastic production, projected to increase by 30-36% in the next six years, will greatly exacerbate EDC exposures and rising global rates of endocrine diseases. Global policies to reduce and eliminate EDCs from plastic and reduce exposures from plastic recycling, plastic waste, and incineration are imperative. EDCs in plastics are an international health issue that is felt acutely in the global south where toxic plastic waste shipments from wealthier countries inundate communities."
鑒于塑料行業(yè)未來驚人的增長速度預(yù)測，制定有效的公共政策以保護公眾健康免受塑料制品中的內(nèi)分泌干擾激素的危害則顯得更加迫切。IPEN聯(lián)合主席Pamela Miller表示：“該報告清晰地闡述了在未來6年的時間里，當(dāng)前塑料制品的生產(chǎn)速度預(yù)計將增加30-36%，這將使內(nèi)分泌干擾激素暴露更加惡化并導(dǎo)致全球內(nèi)分泌疾病患病率上升。全球減少并消除塑料制品中的內(nèi)分泌干擾激素，同時減少塑料循環(huán)使用、塑料垃圾和焚燒所導(dǎo)致的暴露的政策勢在必行。塑料制品中的內(nèi)分泌干擾激素是一個國際性的健康問題，對此世界的南部地區(qū)對此有切膚之痛。在那里，從富裕國家運來的有毒塑料廢棄物讓當(dāng)?shù)厝藗儾豢爸刎?fù)。”
"Endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure is not only a global problem today, but it poses a serious threat to future generations," said co-author Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. "When a pregnant woman is exposed, EDCs can affect the health of her child and eventual grandchildren. Animal studies show EDCs can cause DNA modifications that have repercussions across multiple generations."
報告聯(lián)合作者Pauliina Damdimopoulou，瑞典斯德哥爾摩卡羅林斯卡醫(yī)學(xué)院的博士表示：“內(nèi)分泌干擾化學(xué)暴露不僅是全球性的問題，其也對我們的后代造成了嚴(yán)重的威脅。當(dāng)一位孕期女性接觸到內(nèi)分泌干擾激素后，肚子里面的孩子的健康會受到影響，甚至孩子的孩子也會受到影響。動物研究表明，內(nèi)分泌干擾激素會引起DNA變異并該影響會延綿未來數(shù)代人。”
來源：科學(xué)日報 編輯&翻譯：譯銳翻譯團隊