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Mars helicopter achieves fastest, furthest flight yet

火星直升飛機的飛行速度和飛行距離達到前所未有的新高度

 

The Ingenuity helicopter has successfully flown for the third time on Mars in a week. This time, the helicopter logged a flight that was faster, further and bolder than the previous ones, according to NASA.

“獨創(chuàng)號”直升飛機本周在火星上進行了第三次成功飛行。根據(jù)NASA的介紹，與前面的飛行相比，在本次飛行中，直升飛機所記錄下的飛行速度更快、飛行距離更遠、飛行也更加大膽。

 

Ingenuity exceeded speeds and distances beyond what it proved capable of doing during testing on Earth before launching to Mars.

“獨創(chuàng)號”的飛行速度和飛行距離均超過了其在發(fā)射前，在地球上測試時被證明能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的水平。

 

The helicopter flew at 1:31 a.m. ET, or 12:33 p.m. local Mars time. Data and imagery began streaming into the control room at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, at 10:16 a.m. ET Sunday. The Perseverance rover captured an image of the helicopter in flight and shared it shortly after.

直升飛機于美國東部時間上午1:31分或火星時間下午12:33分起飛。數(shù)據(jù)和圖像在周日美國東部時間上午10:16分傳入NASA位于加州帕薩迪納的噴氣推進實驗室。“堅韌號”漫游車拍下了正在飛行的直升機并在之后立即對圖像進行了共享。

 

The helicopter climbed to the same altitude from its second flight -- about 16 feet (5 meters) above the Martian surface -- but this time it increased its speed.

直升飛機爬升到了和第二次飛行相同的高度--距離火星地面大約16英尺（5米）-但這次的爬升速度更快。

 

During previous flights, Ingenuity was moving at about 1.1 miles per hour (0.5 meters per second). Now, the chopper has boosted that speed to 4.5 miles per hour (2 meters per second).

在之前的飛行中，“獨創(chuàng)號”的移動速度大約在每小時1.1英里（0.5米/每秒）?，F(xiàn)在，它的飛行速度增加到了4.5英里每小時（2米/每秒）。

 

Ingenuity flew 164 feet (50 meters) north, almost half the length of a football field, before returning to touch down at its landing site. All total, the helicopter flew for about 80 seconds, the longest yet, and a total distance of about 330 feet (100 meters)."While that number may not seem like a lot, consider that we never moved laterally more than about two-pencil lengths when we flight-tested in the vacuum chamber here on Earth," wrote H?vard Grip, Ingenuity Mars helicopter chief pilot at JPL, in an?update.

“獨創(chuàng)號”朝北飛行了164英尺（50米），差不多相當于半個足球場，隨后返回并在著陸點降落。直升飛機總共飛行了大約80秒，是目前為止時間最長的一次?？傦w行距離大約為300英尺（100米）。“盡管數(shù)字看上去可能并不多，但是我們在地球上的真空房間內(nèi)進行飛行測試時，它的橫向飛行距離從來沒有超過2根鉛筆的長度”，Harvard Grip，噴氣推進實驗所“獨創(chuàng)號”火星直升飛機總飛行師在最新報道中寫道。

 

"And while the 4 meters of lateral movement in Flight Two (2 meters out and then 2 meters back) was great, providing lots of terrific data, it was still only 4 meters. As such, Flight Three is a big step, one in which Ingenuity will begin to experience freedom in the sky."

“盡管第二次飛行的橫向距離（飛出去2米，飛回來2米）非常不錯并提供了許多非常好的數(shù)據(jù)，但是也只有4米。就其本身而言，第三次飛行是一個很大的進步。在第三次飛行中，“獨創(chuàng)號”將會在天空中體驗到自由飛行。”

 

The Perseverance rover, which serves as a communication relay between the helicopter and its mission team on Earth, is also acting as a bit of a documentary filmmaker for Ingenuity.

“堅韌號”漫游車作為直升飛機和地球上任務(wù)小組之間的通信傳遞，也有點類似于拍攝“獨創(chuàng)號”的紀錄片制片人。

 

It captured a video of the copter's third flight that will be able to show most of the 80-second journey. The video is expected to return to Earth in the coming days.

“堅韌號”拍下了直升飛機第三次飛行的視頻。長達80秒的飛行畫面視頻幾乎都拍攝到了。視頻預(yù)計會在后面返回到地球。

 

"Today's flight was what we planned for, and yet it was nothing short of amazing," said Dave Lavery, the project's program executive at NASA headquarters in Washington, in a statement. "With this flight, we are demonstrating critical capabilities that will enable the addition of an aerial dimension to future Mars missions."

“今天的飛行在我們的計劃內(nèi)，但又給我們帶來了驚喜”，Dave Lavery，NASA華盛頓總部項目主管在聲明中表示。“本次飛行展示了直升飛機的一些核心能力，這些能力可以讓直升飛機在未來的火星任務(wù)中飛得更遠。”

The skies over Mars

 

火星上空

While Perseverance is able to use its cameras to snap photos and shoot video, Ingenuity is equipped with cameras of its own. The navigation camera shoots black-and-white images that help the helicopter's computer track its location during flight.

盡管“堅韌號”能夠用自己的相機拍照并拍攝視頻，“獨創(chuàng)號”自己也配備了相機。導(dǎo)航相機拍攝的黑白畫面有助于直升飛機的電腦在飛行過程中對其位置進行追蹤。

 

An image from this camera shows the helicopter's shadow on the surface of Mars during Sunday's flight.

導(dǎo)航相機所拍攝的一副圖像顯示出了直升飛機在周日飛行時投射到火星地面上的影子。

 

Helicopter team members are thrilled with the images. The researchers were only able to test so much while flying the helicopter in a test chamber on Earth. The chopper wasn't able to move more than 1.6 feet (0.5 meter) in any given direction during testing, so they had no way of knowing if the navigation camera would be able to track the ground while moving further and faster.

這些圖像讓直升飛機的團隊成員們感到振奮。研究人員在地球上的測試間測試直升飛機的飛行時，他們的測試內(nèi)容非常有限。在測試階段，飛機朝任何方向的移動距離都不會超過1.6英尺（0.5米），因此他們無法知道導(dǎo)航相機在飛機飛行得更遠和更快的情況下是否能夠追蹤到地面。

 

"This is the first time we've seen the algorithm for the camera running over a long distance," said MiMi Aung, the helicopter's project manager at JPL, in a statement. "You can't do this inside a test chamber."

MiMi Aung，噴氣推進實驗室直升飛機項目經(jīng)理在聲明中表示：“這是我們第一次看到長距離運行的相機的計算程序。這在測試間是完全無法實現(xiàn)的。”

 

The helicopter's color camera shows the perspective of Ingenuity as it flies through the Martian atmosphere.

直升飛機上的彩色相機顯示的是“獨創(chuàng)號”在火星大氣中間飛行時的視角。

 

During its second flight on April 22, Ingenuity autonomously flew for almost 52 seconds, climbing 16 feet (4.9 meters) up through the Martian atmosphere. After a brief hover, it tilted at a 5-degree angle and moved sideways for 7 feet (2.1 meters). Before touching back down safely on the surface, Ingenuity hovered again to allow its color camera to capture the view of what it looks like to fly on Mars.

在4月22日的第二次飛行中，“獨創(chuàng)號”自動飛行了大約52秒，在火星大氣中向上爬升了16英尺（4.9米）。在經(jīng)過一個短暫的盤旋后，直升飛機傾斜5度并側(cè)身向前飛行了7英尺（2.1米）。在安全返回到火星表面前，“獨創(chuàng)號”再次盤旋以使彩色相機拍攝到在火星飛行的畫面。

 

Two new images from the second flight were revealed on Sunday.

第二次飛行時的兩幅新圖像已在周日公布。

 

The mission team believes these images demonstrate the useful capabilities that something like Ingenuity could add to future missions, such as aerial scouting.Ingenuity, a technology demonstration, still has another week to conduct two more flights before the 31-day mission comes to an end.

任務(wù)小組認為這些圖像展示了一些有用的能力，而像“獨創(chuàng)號”這樣的直升飛機可以在未來的任務(wù)中將這些能力，比如空中探測加進來。在為期31天的使命結(jié)束之前，“獨創(chuàng)號”，作為一項技術(shù)展示，還有一周的時間再進行2次飛行。

 

"Even though we are conducting our flight tests in a tenuous atmosphere over 180 million miles (290 million kilometers) from Earth, we model our methodical approach to experimental flight on the Wright brothers' approach," Grip wrote. "Our plan from Day One has been to prepare like crazy, fly, analyze the data (like crazy), and then plan for an even bolder test in the next flight."

“盡管我們在離地球1.8億英尺（2.9億公里）的稀薄大氣中進行飛行測試，我們采用了懷特兄弟的辦法將方法運用到試驗飛行中”，Grip寫道。“從第一天開始，我們的計劃就是盡力準備，拼命分析數(shù)據(jù)，然后計劃在下一次飛行中進行更加大膽的測試。”

 

The fourth flight will likely occur within a few days.

第四次飛行將很快在未來幾天內(nèi)展開。

 

來源：CNN     編輯與整理：譯銳翻譯Susan