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During road trips, it’s not uncommon for drivers to look over and see passengers that have nodded off, their heads bouncing gently against the door window. Drivers sometimes find themselves fighting off drowsiness. And it’s not just long-haul truckers: Even an afternoon day trip can promote nodding off.

在乘車途中，司機經常會看到乘客們打瞌睡。睡著后的乘客的頭在車窗上輕輕地撞來撞去。司機有時候也會犯困。犯困的不僅僅是長途卡車司機：即使是下午坐車外出，也會讓人犯困。

So why do car rides tend to turn us into bleary-eyed husks in need of caffeine or blaring music to remain alert?

那么，為什么坐車會讓我們睡眼惺忪并需要咖啡因或者大聲的音樂才能保持清醒？

According to Sleep.org, drowsy driving is often correlated with “highway hypnosis,” a term used for drivers and passengers who see their need to pay attention reduced when they’re on a predictable and monotonous route. For road trips, this can mean staying on a highway for extended periods without needing to check for exits or navigate the sometimes-tricky paths present on side roads.

根據Sleep.org網站介紹，疲勞駕駛經常和“高速路綜合癥”有關。“高速路綜合癥”是指當司機和乘客處在一條可以預測且單調的路線中時，他們需要保持注意力的需要就會有所減少。在公路駕駛中，這意味著長時間在高速路上行駛且不需要留意出口或對岔路口有時看上去復雜的路況進行導航。

drowsy driving：疲勞駕駛

highway hypnosis：高速路綜合癥

The predictability promotes somnolence, or even a trance-like state. You might sometimes find yourself having covered a stretch of road without remembering much of it. And the longer the unchallenging drive, the sleepier or more unfocused drivers may become.

可預測性可以加重困倦和恍惚或甚至讓人進入一種催眠的狀態。你有時也許會發現自己已經開過一段路了，但腦海中卻沒什么印象。這種狀態持續的時間越長，駕駛員就會變得越來越困或注意力越來越渙散。

Somnolence：困倦、恍惚

Trance：催眠

Road trips can also fall into a person’s natural circadian rhythms for increased drowsiness—typically in the early morning hours and mid-afternoons. A road trip that started out at 8 a.m., for example, and extends into 2 p.m. could see a vehicle’s occupants tired from both a routine highway circuit and the expected sleepiness they experience later in the day.

乘車外出也會成為一個人的自然生理節奏而使困倦加重-一般是在早晨和午后。比如，從早上8點出發，到下午2點的乘車外出時，車輛上的乘客因固定的高速公路路線和知道自己隨后會犯困而感到疲憊。

circadian ：生理節奏

There’s also some limited research into the mechanics of a car affecting a person’s alertness level—specifically, how the vibrations of a moving car can relax the brain and body.

目前針對車輛對乘客警覺程度影響機制的研究還十分有限-特別是，行駛中的車輛的振動會使大腦和身體得到放松。

While a possible explanation, all we know for certain is that the lack of mental stimulus on a drive can promote fatigue. That can prove deadly, as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates up to 6000 fatal crashes a year are caused by drowsy or inattentive drivers. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates over 100,000 crashes a year involve people struggling to stay awake.

盡管這可能是一種原因，但是我們都知道駕駛過程中缺乏大腦的刺激會加速疲勞。而這被證明是致命的。疾病控制中心預計，每年最多會有6000例致命撞擊事故由于駕駛員疲勞或不專注所導致。美國國家高速公路交通安全管理局預計，每年10萬例的車輛事故中都和駕駛員疲勞駕駛有關。

To stay safe, it’s best to take breaks, switch drivers, and make responsible use of caffeine to promote alertness. “Tricks” like turning up the radio or rolling down the window haven’t ever been demonstrated to have a real effect.

要想確保安全，最好是采取休息、更換駕駛員并有效使用咖啡因來保持警覺。像打開收音機或把車窗搖下來這樣的“小技巧”并沒有被證明具有實際的效果。

If you’re merely a sleepy passenger, your risks are few aside from a slightly sore neck. Enjoy the rest.

如果你僅僅是一位睡意十足的乘客，那么你所需要付出的代價僅僅是脖子有點酸痛。你大可放心休息。

來源：Mental Floss   編輯&翻譯：Sarah