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Go ahead, try it. Look straight ahead, place one foot behind the other and then balance on that one foot. Did you topple in less than 10 seconds? If so, your days may be numbered — at least that's what the data from a new study published online this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine suggests.

來吧，試試看。眼睛直視前方，將一只腳放在另一腳后面，然后保持平衡。你是不是堅持不到10秒？如果是的話，那么你的壽命可能不會太長-至少本周在《英國運(yùn)動醫(yī)學(xué)期刊》在線發(fā)表的一項新研究是這么說的。

So, if you can't, is it really something you should worry about? That depends on several factors, the researchers say.

如果你無法做到上面的動作，那么有什么需要注意的嗎？這取決于以下幾個要素，研究人員表示。

Why Was the Study Conducted?

為什么要開展這項研究？

As we approach our 40s, we gradually lose aerobic fitness, muscle strength and flexibility. But our balance remains relatively stable, so to speak, until we reach our sixth decade. And then our balance starts to go downhill rather quickly.

隨著我們邁向40歲，我們的有氧體能、肌肉力量以及靈活性都會逐漸減弱。但是，我們的平衡性還是會保持相對穩(wěn)定。也就是說，我們的平衡性可以保持到60歲。隨后，我們的平衡性開始快速走向下坡路。

aerobic fitness：有氧適能（是指身體在鍛煉時能夠消耗的最大氧氣量。有氧適能水平是整體身體健康情況的重要指標(biāo)，也是長期健康情況的預(yù)測指標(biāo)）

Without good balance, people can fall. According to the National Institute on Aging, more than one in three people 65 years of age or older falls each year. Aging also makes bones more brittle, which means they are more prone to breaking when falls do occur. Yet, balance assessments aren't generally included in routine physicals or wellness checks. A group of researchers set out to find whether testing a person's balance might be a reliable indicator of a person's risk of death over the next decade.

缺乏良好的平衡性，人們就會摔跤。根據(jù)美國國家衰老研究所，在年齡為65歲及以上的老年人群中，每年每三位老人中就會有超過一名老人摔倒。年老也會導(dǎo)致骨頭變脆，這意味著當(dāng)摔倒時，更容易發(fā)生骨折。但是，常規(guī)的體檢或健康檢查中一般都不會有平衡性評估。研究人員團(tuán)隊開始著手研究，一個人的平衡能力檢測是否可以成為檢測未來10年死亡風(fēng)險的一個可靠指標(biāo)。

What Did the Study Involve?

研究都包括哪些內(nèi)容？

The study relied on people who had enrolled in the CLINIMEX Exercise cohort study (set up in 1994), which assessed the relationships between measures of physical fitness, variations in exercise and cardiovascular risk factors with morbidity (disease) and mortality (death). The study also collected data such as weight, skin fold thickness and waist size along with a medical history. Participants were asked to stand on one leg for 10 seconds without support.

研究對象為報名參加CLINIMEX Exercise群組研究（于1994年設(shè)立）的人們，研究評估了體能測量結(jié)果、練習(xí)變化和心血管風(fēng)險因素與致病率（疾病）和死亡率（死亡）之間的關(guān)系。研究還收集了諸如體重、皮膚褶皺厚度以及腰圍和服藥史方面的數(shù)據(jù)。參與者被要求在沒有任何支撐的情況下單腳站立10秒鐘。

The scientists narrowed the field of participants to those who were 51 to 75 years old at the time of their first CLINIMEX checkup, between Feb. 2009 and Dec. 2020. They also culled out those with an unstable gait, leaving a total of 1,702 participants, 68 percent of whom were men.

科學(xué)家們將參與人群細(xì)化為在2009年2月和2020年12月之間首次參加CLINIMEX檢查時年齡在51歲到75歲的人群。 他們還淘汰了一些步態(tài)不穩(wěn)的參與者，最后留下1702名參與者，其中男性占比為68%。

The balance assessment was also standardized. Participants were asked to put the front of their free foot behind their standing leg and keep their arms by their sides and their gaze fixed straight ahead. Each volunteer was given three attempts on either foot to nail the test.

平衡評估也采取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。參與者們被要求將自由挪動的一只腳的前側(cè)放在站立的一條腿的后側(cè)并將兩臂放在身體兩側(cè)，同時眼睛注視前方。每位參與者都會有三次采取任何一只腳進(jìn)行站立的機(jī)會。

What Did the Researchers Find?

研究人員獲得哪些結(jié)果？

The results showed that 20.5 percent of participants failed the balance assessment and that the likelihood of failing roughly doubled at every five-year increment from the age of 51-55 onwards.

結(jié)果顯示，20.5%的參與者沒有通過平衡評估，而從51-55歲開始每過5年，失敗的可能性大約翻倍。

The percentage of each age group that failed the tests is as follows:

每個年齡段評估失敗的占比為：

· 5 percent among the 51-55 age group

· 51-55歲年齡組為5%

· 8 percent among the 56-60 age group

· 56-60歲年齡組為8%

· Slightly less than 18 percent among the 61-65 age group

· 61-65歲年齡組略微少于18%

· Nearly 37 percent among the 66-70 age group

· 66-70歲年齡組大約為37%

· 54 percent among the 71-75 age group

· 71-75歲年齡組為54%

This means that the risk of falling among the 71-75 age group was 11 times greater than the 51-55 age group.

這意味著，71-75歲年齡組摔倒的風(fēng)險是51-55歲年齡組的11倍。

But the real shocker came when the researchers saw that the proportion of deaths among those who failed the test compared to those who passed was significantly higher — 17.5 percent compared to 4.5 percent, a difference of nearly 13 percent. (The median follow-up period was seven years.)

但是，更加令人震驚的事實是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，評估失敗的人群的死亡率要比通過評估的人群的死亡率高很多-分別17.5 與4.5%，相差將近13%（平均隨訪期為7年。）

It should be noted that those who failed the balance assessment were also in poorer health and had conditions such as obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure and unhealthy blood fat profiles. Those who failed the test who also had type 2 diabetes were also three times (38 percent) more likely to die than those who failed the test who did not have diabetes (13 percent).

應(yīng)該注意到的是，那些沒有通過排評估的人健康程度更差并且有肥胖、心臟病、高血壓和血脂不健康的情況。那些沒有通過測試并且還有II型糖尿病的人的死亡率是沒有通過測試，但同時也沒有糖尿病的人的3倍。

After accounting for age, sex and other underlying conditions, researchers concluded that older people who are unable to stand on one leg for 10 seconds had an 84 percent increased risk of death from any cause within the next 10 years. That's almost double the risk of those who could perform this exercise.

通過考慮年齡、性別和其他潛在情況，研究人員得出結(jié)論，無法單腿站立10秒的老年人其由于任何原因所出現(xiàn)的死亡風(fēng)險要增加84%。這幾乎是能夠完成練習(xí)的人群的死亡風(fēng)險的2倍。

Am I Going to Die Because I Failed a Balance Assessment?

如果我沒有通過平衡測試評估，我會面臨死亡嗎？

Before you start getting your financial affairs in order, keep in mind that this study has some limitations. For one, it's an observational study, so cause-and-effect cannot be established. Furthermore, all participants were white Brazilians. The results may not be the same among participants from other ethnicities and nations, the researchers cautioned. Plus, the study didn't consider other possible factors among volunteers that could impact balance such as a history of falls, physical activity levels, smoking and drugs.

在開始將您的財務(wù)情況理順之前，您需要了解，該研究也存在局限性。首先，這是一項觀察性研究，因此還無法確定因果關(guān)系。此外，所有的參與人員都是巴西白人。結(jié)果在其他的種族和國家之間可能會存在差異。再就是，研究并沒有將其他可能存在的因素納入考慮范圍，比如摔跤史、身體活動等級、吸煙和服藥情況。

Regardless, the researchers wrote that adding a balance assessment to routine wellness checks for middle-aged and older adults could be "a useful complement."

無論如何，研究人員寫到，在中年和老年群體的健康檢查中加入平衡評估也許是一個非常有用的補(bǔ)充。

Source：HowStuffWorks

翻譯&編輯：上海譯銳翻譯