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Flu virus' best friend: Low humidity

流感病毒的最大幫兇

? Axel Kock / Adobe Stock

上海譯銳翻譯        2019-5-20             15:41  

Yale researchers have pinpointed a key reason why people are more likely to get sick and even die from flu during winter months: low humidity.

來自耶魯的研究人員查明，人們在冬季更容易生病，甚至死于流感的原因就是干燥。

While experts know that cold temperatures and low humidity promote transmission of the flu virus, less is understood about the effect of decreased humidity on the immune system's defenses against flu infection.

盡管專家們了解，低溫和干燥會導致流感病毒的傳播，但是他們卻并不了解濕度減少對免疫系統對抗流感病毒感染所產生的影響。

The Yale research team, led by Akiko Iwasaki, the Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Immunobiology, explored the question using mice genetically modified to resist viral infection as humans do. The mice were all housed in chambers at the same temperature, but with either low or normal humidity. They were then exposed to the influenza A virus.

耶魯研究團隊領導人，Waldemar Von Zedtwitz免疫學教授Akiko Iwasaki利用老鼠來研究這一問題。經過基因修改的老鼠會像人類一樣抵抗病毒感染。老鼠全部處于房間內，所有房間溫度相同，但有的濕度正常，有的濕度較低。接下來，所有老鼠都被暴露在流感A型病毒下。

The researchers found that low humidity hindered the immune response of the animals in three ways. It prevented cilia, which are hair-like structures in airways cells, from removing viral particles and mucus. It also reduced the ability of airway cells to repair damage caused by the virus in the lungs. The third mechanism involved interferons, or signaling proteins released by virus-infected cells to alert neighboring cells to the viral threat. In the low-humidity environment, this innate immune defense system failed.

研究人員發現，干燥會從三個方面阻礙動物的免疫反應。它會阻止纖毛，一種位于氣道細胞中類似于毛發的結構，將病毒顆粒和黏液移除。此外，干燥還會降低氣道細胞修復病毒對肺部所造成損害的能力。第三個影響涉及干擾素或由受病毒感染的細胞所釋放的信號蛋白。信號蛋白會警告周圍細胞存在病毒威脅。在干燥的環境中，這一先天的防疫抵御系統也失效了。

The study offers insight into why the flu is more prevalent when the air is dry. "It's well known that where humidity drops, a spike in flu incidence and mortality occurs. If our findings in mice hold up in humans, our study provides a possible mechanism underlying this seasonal nature of flu disease," said Iwasaki.

研究還深入了解了為什么流感在氣候干燥時會更加普遍。Iwasaki表示：“眾所周知，當濕度下降時，流感發病率和死亡率都會激增。如果我們針對老鼠的實驗結果也適用于人類，那么我們的研究就找到了可能存在于流感季節特性中的生物機制。”

While the researchers emphasized that humidity is not the only factor in flu outbreaks, it is an important one that should be considered during the winter season. Increasing water vapor in the air with humidifiers at home, school, work, and even hospital environments is a potential strategy to reduce flu symptoms and speed recovery, they said.

The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

盡管研究人員們強調，濕度并非流感爆發的唯一因素，但其確是冬季應該考慮的一個重要因素。研究人員表示，家中、學校、單位，甚至是醫院當中可增加空氣中水蒸汽含量的加濕器是一個潛在的減少流感癥狀并加速恢復的舉措。該研究結果被出版在《美國國家科學院院刊》當中。

Other authors are Eriko Kudo, Eric Song, Laura Yockey, Tasfia Rakib, Patrick Wong, and Robert Homer.

該研究的其他作者包括Eriko Kudo，Eric Song、Laura Yockey、Tasfia Rakib、Patrick Wong和Robert Homer。

本文來源：科學日報  編輯：質控部Susan