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Owning a dog is influenced by our genetic make-up

養(yǎng)狗受我們的基因影響

上海譯銳翻譯    2019-5-22    9:38 a.m. 

Scientists have studied the heritability of dog ownership using information from 35,035 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry. The new study suggests that genetic variation explains more than half of the variation in dog ownership, implying that the choice of getting a dog is heavily influenced by an individual's genetic make-up.

科學(xué)家利用瑞典雙胞胎登記處的35,035對(duì)雙胞胎信息研究養(yǎng)狗的遺傳可能性。新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過一半的養(yǎng)狗方面的變化可以歸因于遺傳變異，這意味著選擇養(yǎng)狗會(huì)受到個(gè)人基因組成的強(qiáng)烈影響。

A team of Swedish and British scientists have studied the heritability of dog ownership using information from 35,035 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry. The new study suggests that genetic variation explains more than half of the variation in dog ownership, implying that the choice of getting a dog is heavily influenced by an individual's genetic make-up.

一個(gè)由瑞典和英國科學(xué)家所組成的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)利用瑞典雙胞胎登記處中35,035對(duì)雙胞胎信息對(duì)養(yǎng)狗的遺傳性展開了研究。新的研究表明，超過一半的養(yǎng)狗變化取決于基因變體，這意味著選擇是否養(yǎng)狗深受個(gè)人基因組成的影響。

Dogs were the first domesticated animal and have had a close relationship with humans for at least 15,000 years. Today, dogs are common pets in our society and are considered to increase the well-being and health of their owners. The team compared the genetic make-up of twins (using the Swedish Twin Registry -- the largest of its kind in the world) with dog ownership. The results are published for the first time in Scientific Reports. The goal was to determine whether dog ownership has a heritable component.

狗是第一個(gè)被馴養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物。狗與人的親密關(guān)系已經(jīng)維持了至少15000年。如今，狗是我們社會(huì)中常見的寵物。人們認(rèn)為狗可以增加主人的幸福感并改善主人的健康。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)將雙胞胎的基因組成與養(yǎng)狗進(jìn)行了對(duì)比（數(shù)據(jù)來自瑞典雙胞胎登記處-全球規(guī)模最大的雙胞胎數(shù)據(jù)庫）。研究結(jié)果被首次刊登在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》中。研究人員希望通過研究來判斷養(yǎng)狗是否和遺傳有關(guān)。

"We were surprised to see that a person's genetic make-up appears to be a significant influence in whether they own a dog. As such, these findings have major implications in several different fields related to understanding dog-human interaction throughout history and in modern times. Although dogs and other pets are common household members across the globe, little is known how they impact our daily life and health. Perhaps some people have a higher innate propensity to care for a pet than others." says Tove Fall, lead author of the study, and Professor in Molecular Epidemiology at the Department of Medical Sciences and the Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University.

“我們很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)人的基因組成會(huì)對(duì)他們是否養(yǎng)狗產(chǎn)生重要影響。同樣地，這些結(jié)果對(duì)于數(shù)個(gè)不同的領(lǐng)域也有重要的影響。這些領(lǐng)域與了解歷史上以及現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人和狗的互動(dòng)有關(guān)。盡管狗和其他寵物已經(jīng)成為全球家庭中常見的家庭成員，但是對(duì)于其如何影響我們的日常生活和健康，我們卻知之甚少。也許有些人在內(nèi)心深處更傾向于照顧寵物而不是其他人”，Tove Fall，該研究第一作者，Uppsala大學(xué)藥學(xué)系與生命科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分子流行病學(xué)教授表示。

Carri Westgarth, Lecturer in Human-Animal interaction at the University of Liverpool and co-author of the study, adds: "These findings are important as they suggest that supposed health benefits of owning a dog reported in some studies may be partly explained by different genetics of the people studied."

Carri Wesgarth，利物浦大學(xué)人與動(dòng)物交流專業(yè)講師，本研究作者，補(bǔ)充表示：“這些研究結(jié)果有重要意義，因?yàn)檫@些結(jié)果表明，在某些研究中所提到的養(yǎng)狗對(duì)健康的益處可能部分歸因于研究對(duì)象不同的基因。”

Studying twins is a well-known method for disentangling the influences of environment and genes on our biology and behaviour. Because identical twins share their entire genome, and non-identical twins on average share only half of the genetic variation, comparisons of the within-pair concordance of dog ownership between groups can reveal whether genetics play a role in owning a dog. The researchers found concordance rates of dog ownership to be much larger in identical twins than in non-identical ones -- supporting the view that genetics indeed plays a major role in the choice of owning a dog.

研究雙胞胎是一個(gè)著名的方法，這一方法可以分清環(huán)境和基因?qū)ξ覀兩锖托袨榈挠绊憽Ｓ捎谕央p胞胎擁有整個(gè)染色體組，而非同卵雙胞胎平均只共享一半的基因變異，對(duì)比不同雙胞胎在養(yǎng)狗方面的內(nèi)在一致性可以判斷出基因是否在養(yǎng)狗中扮演著重要的作用。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，同卵雙胞胎中養(yǎng)狗的一致率要比非同卵雙胞胎高得多-這也印證了基因確實(shí)在選擇養(yǎng)狗方面發(fā)揮著重要作用這一觀點(diǎn)。

"These kind of twin studies cannot tell us exactly which genes are involved, but at least demonstrate for the first time that genetics and environment play about equal roles in determining dog ownership. The next obvious step is to try to identify which genetic variants affect this choice and how they relate to personality traits and other factors such as allergy" says Patrik Magnusson, senior author of the study and Associate Professor in Epidemiology at the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Karolinska Insitutet, Sweden and Head of the Swedish Twin Registry.

“這類雙胞胎研究無法讓我們了解到底是哪種基因?qū)ζ溆杏绊懀辽偈状巫C實(shí)基因和環(huán)境在確定是否養(yǎng)狗方面扮演著幾乎同樣重要的作用。接下來顯然就是嘗試發(fā)現(xiàn)哪一種基因變體會(huì)對(duì)這一選擇有影響以及它們是如何與個(gè)性以及其他因素，比如過敏產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián)的”，Patrik Magnusson，瑞典人，研究資深作者、Karolinska學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)流行病學(xué)及生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)系流行病學(xué)助教、瑞典雙胞胎登記處主管表示。

"The study has major implications for understanding the deep and enigmatic history of dog domestication" says zooarchaeologist and co-author of the study Keith Dobney, Chair of Human Palaeoecology in the Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology at the University of Liverpool. "Decades of archaeological research have helped us construct a better picture of where and when dogs entered into the human world, but modern and ancient genetic data are now allowing us to directly explore why and how?"

“研究對(duì)了解深?yuàn)W以及神秘的犬類馴化歷史有著深刻的影響”，數(shù)十年來的考古研究已經(jīng)幫助我們構(gòu)建了一副更加清晰的畫面。在這里，我們可以知道犬類是從何處以及何時(shí)走進(jìn)人類世界。但是，現(xiàn)代以及古代的基因數(shù)據(jù)可以讓我們直接探索這些原因以及方式”，Keith Dobeny，動(dòng)物園考古學(xué)家、本研究的共同作者、利物浦大學(xué)考古、古典以及埃及學(xué)系人類古生態(tài)學(xué)主席表示。

文章來源：科學(xué)日?qǐng)?bào)    編輯：質(zhì)控部Susan