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Using antibiotics without a prescription is a prevalent public health problem

在沒有醫囑的情況下使用抗生素已經為普遍存在的全民健康問題

上海譯銳翻譯   2019-7-24      13:31

People using antibiotics without a prescription seems to be a prevalent public health problem. Antibiotics were obtained through various means, including saving leftover prescriptions for later use, getting them from friends and family, or obtaining them from local markets "under the counter." Findings from a scoping review are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

在沒有醫囑的情況下使用抗生素似乎已經成為一個普遍存在的全民健康問題。人們獲取抗生素的方式多種多樣，包括將醫生所開具的、未服用完的藥物保留起來以便日后服用，從朋友和家人那里獲取，或從當地市場私下購買。范圍綜述的結論被刊登在《內科醫學志》上。

under the counter：（私下）交易

scoping review ：范圍綜述

When people take antibiotics without a prescription, they often take unnecessary medication or choose an inappropriate drug or dose. This practice is associated with avoidable adverse events and may also increase the risk for inducing antibiotic resistance. It is important to understand how prevalent nonprescription antibiotic use is and the factors that contribute to the issue.

當人們在沒有醫囑的情況下服用抗生素時，他們通常會服用不必要的藥物或選擇不恰當的藥物或劑量。這一做法可以避免不良反應，同時也會增加耐藥性的風險。理解未經醫囑服用抗生素的普遍性以及導致這一問題的因素具有重要意義。

antibiotic resistance：耐藥性

adverse event：不良反應

Researchers from Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety reviewed 31 published studies to determine the prevalence of nonprescription antibiotic use in the U.S. and to examine the factors that influence that use. The prevalence of nonprescription antibiotic use varied from 1 percent among people visiting a clinic to 66 percent among Latino migrant workers. Storage of antibiotics for future use varied from 14 percent to 48 percent and a quarter of the people in one study reported intention to use antibiotics without a prescription.

來自貝勒醫學院和品質、效果和安全創新中心的研究人員們評估了31個已發表的研究，以測定非經醫囑服用抗生素在美國的普遍性并檢查影響這一使用的因素。未經醫囑使用抗生素的普遍性從1%到66%不等。其中，1%來自于前往診所看病的人群，而66%來自于拉丁美洲裔外來務工者。將抗生素儲存起來以備日后使用的比例從14%到48%不等。在某一個研究中，有四分之一的人群表示其有意在未經醫囑的情況下使用抗生素。

Factors that contribute to nonprescription use include lack of insurance or health care access, cost of a physician visit or prescription, embarrassment about seeking care for a sexually transmitted infection, not being able to get time off of work to visit a clinic or physician's office, and several other reasons. According to the researchers, more studies are needed to quantitate nonprescription antibiotic use and explore potentially modifiable factors that contribute to unsafe practices.

導致未經醫囑而直接使用抗生素的因素包括沒有保險或缺乏醫療途徑、看醫生或開藥費用太貴，因傳染性病而羞于看病，沒時間請假去看病或看醫生以及其他若干原因。根據研究人員的介紹，更多的研究需要對未經醫囑使用抗生素進行量化并探索導致這一危險做法的潛在可變因素。

文章來源：科學日報         編輯：Susan