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Ikea wants to build homes in Britain that cost what the buyer can pay

宜家打算在英國建造人們可以買得起的房屋

Ikea conquered the world with inexpensive furniture. Now it's turning its attention to affordable homes in Britain.

宜家憑借低廉的家具征服了全世界。現在，宜家將目光轉向建造人們可以買得起的房屋。

Worthing, a town in southern England, is considering a plan to work with developer BoKlok, a joint venture of Ikea and Swedish construction company Skanska.

Worthing是英國南部的一個城鎮。目前，其正在考慮和開發商BoKlok共同制定一項計劃。BoKlok是宜家和瑞典建筑公司Skanska共同成立的合資公司。

The development would be BoKlok's first in the United Kingdom since a previous project fell flat during the global financial crisis. The group, whose name is Swedish for "live smart," has built more than 11,000 homes throughout Sweden, Finland and Norway.

fall flat:完全失敗，毫無效果

該項目可能會成為BoKlok在英國開發的首個項目。BoKlok此前在英國開發的一個項目因全球金融危機而宣告失敗。BoKlok在瑞典語中的意思是“智能居住”。該公司已在瑞典、芬蘭和挪威建造了1.1萬座房屋。

By building homes in a factory and assembling them quickly, the project could demonstrate one way to ease acute housing shortages that help drive up prices until they're out of reach for average earners. An innovative sales model that charges people based on what they can afford could spark further change in the market.

住房嚴重不足會推高房屋價格并導致工薪階層無法承受。在該項目中，在工廠制造房屋并快速將其組裝起來成為緩解住房緊張的一個辦法。這種按照人們所能付得起的價格來進行收費的創新型銷售模式可能會促使市場發生更深刻變化。

Housing in Britain

英國的住房情況

The proposal for Worthing, which will undergo a more rigorous financial analysis over the coming months, details an unusual model for affordable living.

Worthing將在未來幾個月進行一次更加嚴格的財務分析。而針對Worthing的建議將詳細介紹一種獨特的、可負擔得起的居住模式。

BoKlok would build roughly 160 houses on land leased from the local council, with 30% of units earmarked for public housing, according to a plan posted online. The first homes could be occupied within two years.

BoKlok將在從當地市政所租賃的土地上建造大約160座房屋。根據網上所公布的計劃，其中30%的住房為公共住房。首批房屋可以在2年內入住。

The remainder would operate under BoKlok's "Left to Live" payment model, where residents are charged only what they can afford after taxes and living expenses.

其余的房屋會按照Boklok的“剩余生活款項”支付模式來運作。根據這一模式，居住者僅支付在繳納稅費和支付居住成本后所能拿出的費用。

Payments — typically around a third of net monthly earnings — go toward a 25-year mortgage.

付款-通常大約為每月凈收益的三分一將用于為期25年的抵押。

Local councilors said in a statement that the project would let Worthing rapidly build homes that meet standards for quality.

當地委員會在聲明中表示，這個項目可能會使Worthing迅速建造出能夠符合質量標準的住房。

A spokesperson told  that BoKlok's modular housing — or homes that are made of fitted sections that can be made off site — would be particularly helpful in Worthing, which has limited land. Three times as many homes could be built in the area compared to a traditional development approach, he said.

發言人表示，Boklok的組合式住房--或使用可拼接材料并可以不在工地現場建造的房屋對于Worthing而言特別有幫助。因為這里的土地非常有限。按照這種方式建造的房屋數量是傳統開發方法的3倍。

Construction would start in January 2021, according to the proposal. Residents would be able to start moving in as soon as April of that year.

根據方案，建造可能會與2021年1月開始。居民最快可以在當年4月份就搬進新家。

BoKlok said in a statement that it can't confirm any projects at this time, but it'ooking into potential sites in the United Kingdom, particularly in the southern and western parts of the country.

Boklok在一份聲明中表示，其目前還不能確認任何項目。但是，它正在了解英國一些有潛力的區域，特別是在其南部和西部地區。

Ikea's influence宜家的影響力

The BoKlok approach to affordable and sustainable housing draws heavily on Ikea's tried and tested methods.

Bloklok建造可持續同時又負擔得起的房屋很大程度上來自于宜家已經過實踐驗證的方法。

"BoKlok was designed the IKEA way: large volumes, low prices," according to a Skanska blog post from 2011. "Industrialized production and large volumes — in other words, repetition — cut prices and save time in planning."

根據2011年所發表的Skanska博客，BoKlok就是按照宜家方式設計的：量大、低價。“工業化的生產和數量大-換句話說，重復性-可以節約成本并減少規劃的時間。”

The venture also controls its entire supply chain, including land acquisition, factory production, site work, sales and marketing. That helps trim costs. Additionally, BoKlok relies on wood for the construction of homes, and doesn't buy land unless it knows it can be developed shortly.

公司還對整個供應鏈進行控制，包括獲取土地、工廠生產、現場作業、銷售和營銷。這些都有助于節省成本。此外,Boklok還依靠樹木來建造房屋并且不會購買短期內無法開發的土地。

This efficiency has the potential to be lucrative. In 2017, BoKlok made up about half the homes Skanska sold in Sweden, and the company said the venture delivered "great" returns.

這樣的高效性會產生巨大的利潤。在2017年，Boklok制造出瑞典大約一半的住房。公司表示，這一經營項目帶來了“巨大的”回報。

消息來源：CNN, 編輯：Susan