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Just watching an Olympic figure skater churn out a series of spins is enough to make you a little dizzy on your couch at home. So how do the athletes themselves manage to glide out of it without toppling over? 僅僅是坐在家里的沙發上觀看奧運花樣滑冰選手做出一系列的旋轉動作就會讓你感到有點眩暈。那么，運動員自己是如何在旋轉后繼續滑行并且沒有摔倒呢？ To answer that, it’s necessary to understand what causes dizziness in the first place. It starts in your inner ear’s vestibular system, which contains three semicircular canals filled with fluid. Inside the fluid are hair cells. When you move, the fluid moves, stimulating the hair cells to send messages to your brain about your movement. Thanks to inertia, this process gets muddled when rapid rotation is involved. 為了解答這一問題，首先需要了解是什么導致眩暈？首先是內耳的前庭系統，這里有3個半圓形的導管，導管內充滿了液體。液體內是毛細胞。當你移動時，液體也會移動，這會刺激毛細胞向大腦發送有關你移動的信號。由于慣性的存在，這一過程會在快速旋轉時出現混亂。 “If you took a glass of water and put it on a lazy Susan, and you spin it just a little and then you stop it, the water won’t be moving,” Brandeis University neuroscientist Paul DiZio told Live Science. Spin the lazy Susan longer and faster, and when you abruptly halt it, the water will slosh around. Brandeis大學的神經科學家Paul DiZio告訴“生活科學”（Live Science）：“如果你將一杯水放到旋轉餐盤上，然后稍微轉動餐盤并隨后使其停止轉動，杯子中的水并不會移動。”旋轉餐盤旋轉的時間越久，旋轉得越快，那么當餐盤突然停下來時，水就會潑濺出來。 Inner ear fluid works in a similar way: The fluid will initially resist moving in the direction of your movement, but all the spinning will quickly exert enough force to cause it to do so. When you and your inner ear fluid are moving in the same direction at the same rate, the hair cells stop sending signals to the brain. But as soon as you stop, the fluid’s momentum will keep it going, the hair cells will send more messages, and your brain will think you’re moving when you’re not. Other parts of your body—especially your eyes—operate based on signals from your brain that you’re spinning, which can make you feel dizzy. 內耳液體的工作原理與之類似：液體最初會避免朝你移動的方向移動。但是，旋轉很快就會產生足夠的力以使之移動。當你和你的內耳液體朝著同樣的方向并以同樣的速度移動時，毛細胞就會停止向大腦發送信號。但是當你一停下來，液體的動能就會使液體繼續移動，因而毛細胞也會發出更多的信號，大腦也會因此在你本沒有移動的時候認為你還在移動。身體的其他部分-特別是你的眼睛-會根據大腦在你旋轉時所發出的信號來工作，因此這會讓你感覺眩暈。 Figure skaters don’t have some sort of superhuman inner ear fluid; they get dizzy, too. Their secret is essentially just endless practice. Novice skaters start out slow, with a rotation or two, and work their way up. There are even spinning harnesses they practice with off the ice so they can acclimate to the sensation. By exposing themselves repeatedly to dizzying conditions, they’re teaching their brain to get used to the feeling so its negative effects will be less severe—and they can snap out of it more quickly than the rest of us. 花樣滑冰選手也并非擁有超人般的內耳液體；他們也會感到眩暈。他們的秘密就在于無止境的練習。新手會從慢慢旋轉開始，先轉一圈或二圈，然后逐漸增加旋轉圈數。在離開冰面時，他們甚至還會穿上旋轉背帶進行練習，以適應旋轉的感覺。通過使自己反復暴露于眩暈的條件下，他們也在訓練自己的大腦來適應這種感覺，因此眩暈所帶來的副作用也就不會那么明顯-選手們會比其他人更快地調整過來。 Novice：新手，初學者 Skaters do have tricks to help them reorient themselves after rotations. Bradie Tennell, a member of 2018’s bronze medal-winning U.S. Olympic team, told TODAY that she tends to blink rapidly right after a spin. Other coaches advise their athletes to pick one spot to stare at as they stop turning. 滑冰選手掌握著可以幫助他們在旋轉后重新調整身體的技巧。Bradie Tennell，2018年贏得銀牌的美國奧運參賽隊隊員之一告訴TODAY，她會在旋轉后快速眨眼。其他教練則建議運動員在停止旋轉后選擇一個點盯著看。 And just because a skater is used to shaking off dizziness doesn’t mean they’re completely immune. Tennell said if she spins even after just several days off, she’ll get dizzy. (But still probably less dizzy than you’d feel.) 擁有擺脫眩暈的習慣并不意味著滑冰選手能夠完全對眩暈免疫。Tennell說，哪怕只是間隔幾天后再旋轉，她也會感到眩暈。（但眩暈的程度仍然可能要比你輕。） 原文來源：Mental Floss 翻譯&編輯：上海譯銳翻譯 上海譯銳翻譯成立于2011年，是一家有著10年以上翻譯經驗的專業翻譯公司。從成立至今，我們已經為數百家客戶提供過優質的翻譯服務。無論還合同、公司宣傳資料還是培訓手冊或個人文件，我們都能夠為您提供滿意專業的翻譯服務。 如需咨詢翻譯業務，請添加客服微信或直接發送郵件至daisy.xu@easytranslation.com.cn。我們會第一時間與您聯系。
