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When Russia initially invaded Ukraine last week, one of its primary targets was the country’s capital and most populous city—which most English-language news outlets used to call “Kiev.” In recent reports, however, it’s much more common to see or hear “Kyiv.” Here’s the history behind the switch.

自俄羅斯上周開始對烏克蘭展開軍事行動以來，俄羅斯的主要目標之一就是烏克蘭的首都，也是烏克蘭人口最多的城市-基輔（過去絕大多數英語新聞機構稱之為“Kiev”）。在最近的報道中，我們更多看見或聽見的詞卻是“Kyiv”。為什么烏克蘭的首都從Kiev變成了Kyiv？

As The Guardian explains, Russian and Ukrainian have a lot in common: They’re both east Slavonic languages that use versions of the Cyrillic alphabet. But Ukrainian evolved in its own direction, borrowing from Polish and originating certain pronunciations, letters, and vocabulary. Plenty of Ukrainian words are similar to their Russian counterparts, and the name of Ukraine’s capital city is one of them. In Ukrainian, it’s Ки?в, which gets Latinized as Kyiv. In Russian, it’s Киев—or, in English, Kiev.

根據《衛報》的解釋，俄羅斯和烏克蘭之間有著許多的共同點：他們都說使用西里爾字母的東斯拉夫語。但是，烏蘭克通過借鑒波蘭語并創造了某些發音、字母和詞匯而演變出了自己的語言版本。大量烏克蘭語和俄語類似，而烏克蘭首都的名字就是其中之一。在烏克蘭語中，首都的名字為Ки?в，拉丁化后就變成了Kyiv。在俄語中，烏克蘭的首都名字為Киев，也就是英語Kiev。

When the Soviet Union controlled the area during the 20th century, it systemically tried to quell Ukrainian culture in favor of Russian culture—a process known as Russification, with origins dating back to the 19th century. This included promoting Russian over Ukrainian language, which is essentially how Kiev became more popular than Kyiv among international audiences. As the Soviet Union unraveled in 1991, Ukraine declared its independence and the country has been working to supplant Kiev with Kyiv ever since.

當前蘇聯在20世紀控制著這一地區時，前蘇聯系統性的嘗試擠壓烏克蘭文化并大力推廣俄羅斯文化-這一過程被稱為俄羅斯化，其可以追溯至19世紀。具體的過程包括推廣俄語而非烏克蘭語，這也是為什么Kiev要比Kyiv在國際社會上更為人熟知的原因。當前蘇聯在1991年解體后，烏克蘭宣布獨立并致力于將首都的名字改回Kyiv。

In 1995, as The Independent reports, the government made Kyiv the official Latinized name for the city; and in 2018, Ukraine’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs kick started a campaign called #KyivNotKiev to encourage the rest of the world to finally make the change official, too. The United States Board on Geographic Names did so in June 2019, and the media has gradually followed suit.

1995年，如《獨立報》所報道，烏克蘭政府宣布Kyiv是首都正式的拉丁語名字。在2018年，烏克蘭外交部啟動了一項叫做“是Kyiv而不是Kiev”的活動以鼓勵世界其他國家將其首都名稱正式改為Kyiv。美國地名委員會于2019年進行了正式的變更，而新聞媒體也逐漸開始效仿。

Using Kyiv as the standard spelling is one small way that the world can recognize and validate Ukraine’s independence from Russia, both culturally and politically. It’s the same reason we now say “Ukraine,” rather than “the Ukraine.” The word Ukraine is believed to derive from an old Slavic term for borderland, so the Ukraine loosely translates to the borderland(s), which could give the impression that Ukraine is one peripheral piece of a larger territory—not its own entity.

使用Kyiv作為標準的拼法是一個讓世界從文化和政治上承認烏克蘭從俄羅斯獨立的一個小小舉動。而我們現在說“Ukraine”而不是“the Ukraine”，也是同樣的道理。Ukraine這個詞據稱來自于古老的斯拉夫語-“邊界”，因此烏克蘭大致相當于是“邊界”的意思，這可能會讓人覺得烏克蘭是一片更大的領土的邊緣-而非是一個獨立的整體。

原文來源：Mental Floss

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