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On the literary genre spectrum, memoirs and autobiographies are right next to each other. They’re both nonfiction accounts of the author’spersonal experience, usually written in first person (i.e. using I, me, and other first-person pronouns). But despite their similarities—and the fact that memoir and autobiography are often used interchangeably—they’re technically separate genres.

在文學體裁范圍內，memior通常與autobiography相提并論。這兩種體裁都是對作者個人經歷的客觀敘述并且都采用第一人稱（即I、Me、等）。但是盡管二者之間存在相似性-而且memior和autobiography也經常互換使用，但如果嚴格地從事實角度去看，二者其實是兩種不同的文體。

Since an autobiography is essentially just a biography written by the person it’s about, it has pretty much all the characteristics of a regular biography. As MasterClass explains, the narrative typically progresses chronologically and covers the subject’s whole life (thus far), with a focus on facts. That’s not to say autobiographies by default have bare-bones prose or a lack of emotion—the story of someone’s life will likely feature some fascinating formative memories and the feelings that came with them.

由于autobiography基本上就是作者本人所書寫的傳記，因此autobiography幾乎擁有常規(guī)傳記所有的特點。正如MasterClass所介紹的，敘述通常按時間順序推進并且會涵蓋作者的一生（迄今為止）并且著重描述事實。這并不是說autobiography就是干巴巴的事實或者缺乏真情實意-某個人的生活肯定會有一些有趣的童年記憶以及與這些記憶相伴的情感。

But those elements are much more integral to a memoir than an autobiography. According to Book Riot, a memoir doesn’t usually cover the author’s entire life, but instead a specific period or themes within it. Joan Didion’s The Year of Magical Thinking, for example, centers on the year after her husband, John Gregory Dunne, died of a heart attack in late 2003. It’s just as much a discourse on grief as it is an account of what happened in Didion’s life that year—and you might pick it up to read about grief rather than to learn about the author herself. Though Didion was, by that point in her career, famous enough that people would be interested to read about her experiences in particular, that’s not always the case with memoirists. Sometimes, it’s the subject matter that attracts readers, not the name of the author.

但是，與autobiography相比，上述元素對于memior而言則更加必不可少。據(jù)Book Riot介紹，memoir往往不會涵蓋作者的一生，相反，其講述的往往是作者人生當中的某個時期或某個時期中的一些話題。比如說，瓊·迪迪恩（Joan Didion）的《不可思議的一年》主要講述了她的丈夫2003年年末心臟病去世后的一年里她的各種經歷。這本書不僅是悲傷的緬懷，同時也記錄了迪迪恩在那一年的生活。當您閱讀這本書時，您更多地是去了解作者的悲傷，而不是作者本身。盡管迪迪恩當時的事業(yè)如日中天而且知名度非常高，因此讀者們很想了解有關她的經歷，但是memoirists（傳記）往往卻并不會滿足讀者們的愿望。有時，傳記吸引讀者的往往是它的主題，而非作者本身。

If you crack open an autobiography, on the other hand, it’s probably because you want to learn about the person who wrote it. Autobiographers are usually celebrities, from activists like Malala Yousafzai and Nelson Mandela to athletes like Andre Agassi—people who’ve achieved such success and/or have lived such high-profile lives that you’d want to read their full stories, starting from the cradle.

當你翻開一本autobiography，這很可能意味著你想要了解寫這本書的作者本人。自傳作者通常都是名人，從馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福·扎伊和納爾遜·曼德拉這樣的活動家到安德烈·阿加西這樣的運動員，他們都獲得了巨大的成功和/或過著引人注目的生活，因此你希望了解他們自出生之后的全部人生經歷。

All that said, the differences between memoirs and autobiographies are more general trends than definitive guidelines. There’s no rule that says your memoir can’t be chronological, or that your autobiography must include your year and place of birth in order to be considered a true autobiography.

說了這么多，memoirs和autobiography之間的區(qū)別更側重于一般潮流而非具體的條條框框。并沒有規(guī)定說memoir一定不按照時間順序來寫，或者autobiography必須要有出生年月和出生地才能算作是真正的autobiography。

注：

馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福·扎伊，又譯為瑪拉拉·尤蘇芙札，1997年7月12日出生于巴基斯坦西北邊境省一個普什圖穆斯林教育工作者的家庭，是巴基斯坦西北部開伯爾-普赫圖赫瓦省斯瓦特縣明戈拉城的一名學生，女權主義者 ，以爭取婦女接受教育的權利而聞名。

安德烈·柯克·阿加西（英語：Andre Kirk Agassi，1970年4月29日－），生于美國拉斯維加斯，已退役的美國男子網球運動員，單打最高世界排名第一

來源：Mental Floss

翻譯&編輯：上海譯銳翻譯