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What makes a whiskey bourbon?

什么樣的威士忌屬于波旁威士忌？

The quick answer is the law. Making bourbon is an exceedingly technical exercise, and requires that the whiskey meet rigid criteria. The Federal Standard of Identify for Bourbon stipulate what is and what isn’t bourbon. For a whiskey to call itself bourbon, its mash—the mixture of grains from which the product is distilled—must contain at least 51 percent corn. The rest of the mash is usually filled out with malted barley and either rye or wheat.

簡單來說，符合相關(guān)法律規(guī)定的威士忌才能稱得上是波旁威士忌。釀造波旁威士忌是一項(xiàng)非常專業(yè)的工作，對(duì)于威士忌有非常嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。波旁威士忌聯(lián)邦鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了什么樣的威士忌屬于波旁威士忌，而什么樣的威士忌不屬于波旁威士忌。如果一款威士忌號(hào)稱屬于波旁威士忌，那么用于釀造這款威士忌的醪液（就是各種谷物的混合物）必須至少含有51%的玉米。其余的部分則通常為發(fā)芽的大麥和黑麥或小麥。

Then, the mash must be distilled at 160 proof or less and put into the barrel at 125 proof or less, It also can't contain any additives. The distillate needs to be aged in a new charred oak barrel. If you distill a whiskey in your kitchen that meets all of these standards, congrats—you’ve made bourbon. Also, you’ve broken the law. The ATF will be on its way shortly.

然后，醪液必須在160度或以下進(jìn)行蒸餾，并在125度或以下時(shí)被放入桶內(nèi)。醪液中不得含有任何添加劑。餾出液需要在一個(gè)新的燒焦的橡木桶內(nèi)進(jìn)行陳化。如果您在自家廚房蒸餾威士忌并能夠達(dá)到上述所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么恭喜您-您已經(jīng)制作出了波旁酒。當(dāng)然，您也違反了法律。ATF很快就會(huì)找上門。

注釋：ATF，Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives，簡稱ATF，是一個(gè)隸屬于美國司法部（Dept of Justice - DOJ）并負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)煙酒槍炮征稅、執(zhí)法和釋法的機(jī)構(gòu)，2003年1月24日移到美國司法部。

What’s the difference between scotch and whiskey?

蘇格蘭威士忌和威士忌的區(qū)別？

The main difference between scotch and whiskey is geographic, but it also involves ingredients and spellings. Scotch is whisky—no e—made in Scotland, while bourbon is whiskey made in the U.S., generally in Kentucky. Scotch is made mostly from malted barley, while bourbon is distilled from corn. If you’re in England and ask for a whisky, you’ll get scotch. But in Ireland, you’ll get Irish whiskey (yep, they spell it differently).

蘇格蘭威士忌和威士忌的主要區(qū)別在于地理位置。其他區(qū)別還包括成分和拼法。蘇格蘭威士忌（whisky，沒有e字母）產(chǎn)自蘇格蘭，而波旁威士忌產(chǎn)自美國，通常是美國的肯塔基州。蘇格蘭威士忌的原料主要是發(fā)芽的大麥，而波旁威士忌則是由玉米蒸餾而成。但是在愛爾蘭，你還會(huì)見到愛爾蘭威士忌（沒錯(cuò)，這里的拼法和蘇格蘭威士忌不一樣，愛爾蘭威士忌Irish Whiskey里面有e字母）。

Is Tennessee whiskey bourbon?

田納西威士忌是波旁威士忌嗎？

Yes and no. The difference between Tennessee whiskey, like Jack Daniel’s, and bourbon is that after the spirit is distilled, Tennessee whiskey is filtered through sugar maple charcoal. This filtering, known as the Lincoln County Process, is what distinguishes Tennessee whiskey from your average bourbon, like Jim Beam. The name bourbon actually comes from an area known as Old Bourbon, around what is now Bourbon County, Kentucky.

說對(duì)也對(duì)，說不對(duì)也不對(duì)。田納西威士忌，比如Jack Daniel’s威士忌和波旁威士忌之間的區(qū)別是經(jīng)過蒸餾后，田納西威士忌還會(huì)通過糖楓木炭過濾。這種過濾工藝，也被稱為林肯郡工藝就是田納西威士忌與普通波旁威士忌，比如Jim Beam之間的主要區(qū)別。波旁這個(gè)名字實(shí)際上來自于肯塔基州一個(gè)叫做老波旁（Old Bourbon）的地方，它的周圍是新的波旁縣。

On top of these types of whiskey, we also have rye whiskey, which can refer either to American rye whiskey, which must be distilled from at least 51 percent rye, or Canadian whisky, which may or may not actually include any rye in its production process.

除了上面這些威士忌外，我們還有黑麥威士忌，這里的黑麥威士忌既指美國黑麥威士忌（比如用至少51%的黑麥進(jìn)行蒸餾），也包括加拿大威士忌，加拿大威士忌的制作工藝中也許有，也許并沒有使用任何黑麥。

原文來源：Mental Floss

編輯：譯銳君